Overcoming Symmetry Mismatch in Vaccine Nanoassembly through Spontaneous Amidation

Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking through Mixing

We discuss a model, in which the negative mass square needed in the Higgs mechanism is generated by mixing with a heavy scalar. We have two scalar doublets in the standard model. Phenomenological properties of the heavy new scalar are discussed. The heavy scalar can be detected by the LHC. In the Standard Model (SM) the masses of the Wand Z-bosons and of the fermions (leptons and quarks) are in...

Noncritical quadrature squeezing through spontaneous polarization symmetry breaking.

We discuss the possibility of generating noncritical quadrature squeezing by spontaneous polarization symmetry breaking. We first consider Type II frequency-degenerate optical parametric oscillators but discard them for a number of reasons. Then we propose a four-wave-mixing cavity, in which the polarization of the output mode is always linear but has an arbitrary orientation. We show that in s...

Nanoassembly of Carbon Nanotubes through Mechanochemical Nanorobotic Manipulations

Nanoassembly is one of the key techniques for molecular nanotechnology. As an extension of scanning probe microscopes (SPMs) to three-dimensional space and for relatively large nanometer-scale objects, nanorobotic manipulation systems have shown their effectiveness in nanometer-order positioning, picking and placing, property characterization and simple nanoassembly of nanometerscale objects. I...

Nonperturbative Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking

One of the most astonishing results of quantum field theory is spontaneous symmetry breaking. One can say that it is the situation when something arises from the quantization. This means that on the quantum level one has something that was not present on the classical level. Coleman and Weinberg [1] write : “ . . . higher-order effects may qualitatively change the character of a physical theory...

Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking